Democracy In Action or Inaction?

Sanford Horn

Sanford D. Horn is a writer and educator living in Westfield, IN. He is married with two daughters.

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58 Responses

  1. Philip H says:

    Quite frankly, I would like my representative to come home to the district and report no new appropriations. After all, appropriations are spending bills, and Congress can only spend the money we the people send them via our taxes – what I like to call legalized theft.

    Perhaps the most important concession is the requirement of appropriations bills to be voted upon as stand alones, as opposed to the behemoth $1.7 trillion omnibus bill passed in an 11th hour grab by the waning, outgoing Democrat Congress. There are 12 Congressional subcommittees each with its own set of appropriations https://appropriations.house.gov/legislation, each requiring its own deliberations, debates, and yea or nay votes. Having them presented as stand alone bills, more attention can be paid to them individually with more deliberate decisions to avoid spending $400 on a hammer.

    Ah yes, the sad tired trope of we can just stop collecting taxes and spending government money. The feds don’t do us any good – they can’t appropriate on time. They don’t cut spending. Waah Waah Waah.

    Conservatives, or people who think they are, need to get over this unwillingness to recognize that government does good stuff. They need to stop acting as if the federal government is the enemy. And they need to give up the ghost that sending back tax cuts to Americans will somehow result in something better.

    You like interstate and US highways? Great – we pay for those with taxes appropriated by Congress (via block grants to the states). You like weather forecasts? Great – the NOAA Weather Services collects weather data 24/7 and provides it FOR FREE to Accuweather and Weather.com and your local TV station. How do you feel about breathing clean air? The EPA sees to that. Do you like your parents and grandparents not having to live in poverty after they retire? Then you like Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid – the earned benefits that Republican politicians always rail against but never actually cut.

    Now sure, its a tragedy that we don’t pay for these services in full with tax revenue – but you can thank Republican politicians and their loath some “Two Santa Clauses” practice for that. For over 40 years Republicans have engineered tax cuts (most often targeted at businesses and rich people) claiming that the resulting economic growth will pay for the tax cut and more. Never happens. What those cowards don’t do is cut anything – not Defense, not Highway funds, not weather forecasts. Nothing. And frankly there’s no sign this Congress will do so, no matter how much Matt Gaetz bloviates.

    As to appropriating on time – it might interest you to know that in my now 22 year career as a federal oceanographer, the House has generally had its 11 appropriations bills done, and ready to pass in July or early August. The Senate is always the hold up. And if a conference is required – well that drags it on even longer. I’ve said before here at OT that I’d love to get my full year appropriation in October as current law demands – but most years it shows up in March or April and I have to have it spent by July – which is when federal contracting and granting deadlines start to kick in. despite al the hue and cry, no business operates like that.

    You might also take note of the fact that both houses of Congress usually manage to get Congressional Operations and Defense passed on time.

    Finally we turn to taxation – which you and so many others love to call sanctioned theft or legal theft or some such.

    Article I, Section 8, Clause 1:

    The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

    ARTICLE XVI. The Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

    So, the Congress has an Article 1 duty to collect taxes, and they clarified in the 16th Amendment (Passed by Congress on July 2, 1909, and ratified by the states February 3, 1913) that incomes can be taxed as part of that. You clearly don’t like it. So go get standing and show you are harmed by it in federal court. Go show how the services you receive from the government for those taxes harms you.

    But let’s stop calling is theft shall we? Taxation is the necessary price for living in a governed society where government provides for the general welfare. Its a concept as old as time. A conservative concept if you will.Report

    • Pinky in reply to Philip H says:

      I disagree with a bunch of what you said here, but we’re in agreement about the framing of taxes as legalized theft. It’s possible to create an anarchistic model, but they’ve rarely been tried and never successfully on any scale. Anarchy happens, but a deliberately-chosen anarchism lasts as long as its neighbors permit it. The assumption of zero base government can’t be granted.Report

      • Philip H in reply to Pinky says:

        A Liberterin I know – who is professionally an Economist – once told me he wanted an itemized bill for government services that he could pick and choose from. His notion was that if people had to pay their actual share they’d slash government hugely to just defense. I asked him about how the public library and the fire service would be billed and he didn’t actually respond.Report

        • Chris in reply to Philip H says:

          I too wish I could opt out of paying for the cops and the military. If only it were possible to do that without breaking everything.Report

        • Pinky in reply to Philip H says:

          Ha! You totally outwitted that person who isn’t here to defend himself! I’m sure that this unnamed economist was stunned by the observati0on that fire departments cost money.Report

        • Jaybird in reply to Philip H says:

          I suspect that libraries would be mostly okay. For example, San Francisco did a whole host of library bond ballot propositions and the last one that failed was in 1953. Recent tax hikes for the sake of the library did okay too.

          Those came to mind because I remember some conspiracy-minded folks pointed out the fungibility of money and how this allowed for money to be sloshed around.

          I suspect that, in recent years, libraries might have a bit more trouble but it’d be because libraries have picked up a great deal of slack for dealing with homeless people.

          “Initiative to Raise Funds for Libraries for Book Stuff and Community Stuff BUT NOT HOMELESS PEOPLE STUFF! INCLUDE MONEY FOR GUARDS TO KICK THE HOMELESS OUT!” would probably pass overwhelmingly even in red states.

          So if the granularity would go beyond mere taxation “for libraries” and extend to “well, what are the libraries doing with their funding”, I think that those would pass too.Report

          • InMD in reply to Jaybird says:

            I’m pretty sure most of those are funded at the state and local level, so probably not really relevant to federal spending.Report

            • Jaybird in reply to InMD says:

              Sure, but I think that, if most stuff got put up for a popular vote, the arguments that the most obvious good things wouldn’t be funded would be proven less than accurate.

              It’d be the obscure good things that would see an impact. “Look, it’s important that we have *ONE* scientist doing the shrimp treadmill stuff. Your children’s knees will appreciate it when they’re a decade older than you are now.”

              That sort of thing.Report

              • InMD in reply to Jaybird says:

                Oh yea, I think it is very unlikely that things would be wildly different if we took a line item by line item referendum approach.

                When it comes to the federal government, I’ve heard it said that the entire thing could be fairly characterized as a giant insurance company with a giant military. And that’s where all of the debate and a lot of misdirection comes in. We’re insuring really difficult to predict and really diffuse risks, a number of which it may not even be possible to insure in the private sector. Which kind of gets to Chip’s point below. The demand for that in an economically developed country isn’t going anywhere. Put to referendum people might even ask for more than they’re willing to pay in, meaning that the current situation via representative government is quite possibly a fair approximation of public opinion.Report

              • Jaybird in reply to InMD says:

                I would be fascinated at a serious calculation of “how much people get” versus “how much they pay in”.

                Not just the whole “you paid $X in taxes vs. an average of tax expenditures of your county/city/state/fed per person”, thing… but, heck, something like that would be good too.

                Living in El Paso County in Colorado is worth $X.
                Living in Wilcox County in Alabama is worth $Y.
                Living in Orange County in California is worth $Z.

                I’d really like to see that, actually.Report

              • InMD in reply to Jaybird says:

                I think quantifying something like that is easier said than done, at least once you get passed the public library, or maybe the local elementary school. For the big stuff the comparable question is what did you get out of your car insurance or home owner’s policy if you didn’t have any claims this year? What are you getting out of your life insurance policy?

                There are certainly very wealthy people with sufficient assets to live comfortably no matter what happens to them. But that’s not most people, and the whole concept of risk sharing is that most people don’t get anything immediately tangible out of it, or may not ever. However there is still a value to it.Report

              • Jaybird in reply to InMD says:

                Yeah, it doesn’t measure the whole issue of how someone who checks 2 books out a month from the local public library is getting more use out of it than someone who never goes there… and a lot less than the person who checks out 10 books a week.

                But we can’t really quantify that.

                Periodically, there’s a report that comes out that says something like “living in the US at all is effectively worth $Xk/year” because of everything from water quality to law enforcement being relatively bribe-resistant.

                So just something like that, only granular.

                Because I’m pretty sure that living in El Paso County is worth more than living in Wilcox County.

                But I have no idea how that’d be measured.Report

              • Chip Daniels in reply to InMD says:

                In a broad sense we already know this answer.

                Assume you have the financial means to live anywhere in the world- in any neighborhood in any city in any province or nation.

                Where do people like this choose, and how much are they paying?

                Well, to live in the poorest part of a Third World country costs X.

                But you have to tolerate crime and dysfunctional infrastructure and utilities and hideous levels of corruption.

                So to live somewhere without high crime and drivable streets and reliable electricity and good schools and accessible hospitals costs X+y.

                The market value of government services is contained in property values.
                People, when given a choice,, choose high tax, high regulatory places like San Francisco and Helsinki because they are worth it.Report

              • Damon in reply to Chip Daniels says:

                “People, when given a choice,, choose high tax, high regulatory places like San Francisco and Helsinki because they are worth it.”

                Oh? Seems I recall a lot of bitching about homelessness, drug use, human feces in SF driving down the quality of life. Helsinki isn’t really “diverse”:

                “Finland is a relatively ethnically homogeneous country. The dominant ethnicity is Finnish but there are also notable historic minorities of Finland-Swedes, Sami and Roma people. As a result of recent immigration there are now also large groups of ethnic Russians, Estonians, Iraqis and Somalis in the country. 7.9% of the population is born abroad and 5.2% are foreign citizens.[2] The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, the latter being the native language of about 5.2% of the Finnish population.”

                8 percent of the population is non native, and almost 50% of the non native population is Russian, Estonian, or Swedish.Report

              • Pinky in reply to Jaybird says:

                Overall, we got $1.4 trillion more than we put in. But that’s probably not what you’re asking. And if you’re looking for how much each region pays in and gets back, you have a few problems, such as the Florida / Arizona thing of people moving when they retire, and the impossibility of quantifying the return on, say, aid to Egypt.Report

              • Jaybird in reply to Pinky says:

                Aid to Egypt is going to be the same for Florida as Maine as California, though. So that effectively cancels itself out.Report

    • Dark Matter in reply to Philip H says:

      You like interstate and US highways? You like weather forecasts?

      About 30% of gov spending is that sort of thing. 10% is military. About 9% is interest on the debt. The rest is basically redistribution of money.

      That’s over and above things like regulatory capture, which goes a long way to explain why we pay so much for medicine.Report

      • Philip H in reply to Dark Matter says:

        That “redistribution” is Earned Benefits. Cut that if you want, but don’t expect it to be fun when you do.Report

        • Dark Matter in reply to Philip H says:

          That “redistribution” is Earned Benefits.

          Where everyone gets back more than they put in and a dollar collected in 1970 can be extracted in 2040. The political attractiveness of this doesn’t change that the math may not work.

          Nor does it change that we’d be fine if Medical costs were set by markets.Report

          • Philip H in reply to Dark Matter says:

            The math actually works when you back out the IOUs that Congress has extracted to keep its tax cut failure so well masked. Its also a self limiting problem in as much as the Baby Boomers are bigger then following generations. Much equilibrium will be achievable once they die off.Report

            • Dark Matter in reply to Philip H says:

              The growth in entitlements is like starting a new war in Afghanistan every two years that we continue forever. So while the tax cuts make things worse, rolling them back wouldn’t fix things.

              A lot of these programs were started with the idea that future politicians would find the money and after the entitlement is created there will be tremendous political force to keep it.

              However Politicians run out of political will to tax things before they run out of things to tax.

              If we have some sort of economic earthquake that forces us to balance, then I doubt it will be purely through tax increases.

              Much equilibrium will be achievable once they die off.

              I have my doubts.

              The misalignment of political forces is between taxing and spending. When the boomers die off my expectation is the politicians will want to find some other way to spend the money. There’s a ratcheting effect here. Every generation of politicians needs to spend other people’s money in new ways to justify their own existence, i.e. buy votes.Report

        • Chip Daniels in reply to Philip H says:

          Coulda sworn we covered this just a few days ago.

          For 50 years conservatives have been wanking on about deficits but can never, ever, manage to put together a plausible path to one because just simple math demands wholesale elimination of the most popular parts of government.

          They try to pretend that government is out there spending money on things no one wants but as Dark has just pointed out, most of what it spends is on stuff that is wildly popular like Social Security, Medicare, and the EITC.

          And it’s the same on down the line. The biggest things that states and cities spend money on are education, health care, and police AKA stuff that everybody likes.

          Which is almost a tautology. Things that get funding are popular because things that are popular get funding.

          Which is why libertarians and the Republicans are always trying to make galaxy brained end runs around democracy like paygo rules or balanced budget amendments, automatic mechanism type things that strip the people of the power to do things they want.Report

          • Dark Matter in reply to Chip Daniels says:

            Giving money to me is popular, taking my money and giving it to someone else is not.Report

          • Dark Matter in reply to Chip Daniels says:

            As popular as spending is (go free money) taxing is not.

            What we need is to balance these two political forces against each other. Maybe the popularity of X-program actual continues and it’s able to raise taxes to cover that. Maybe it will have to have a haircut.

            Highly likely the truth will be in the middle and some efforts to hand out free money will have to be curtailed.Report

            • Philip H in reply to Dark Matter says:

              Ronald Reagan raised taxes 13 times – albeit quietly – because he didn’t like the ballooning of the deficit that came from voodoo economics. Since then tax policy has only gone one way, as has funding for the IRS. You will note that the current GOP wants to defund the IRS again, so that existing tax laws can be more easily violated by big donors.Report

              • Pinky in reply to Philip H says:

                Reagan spent years calling for a reduction in the highest marginal income tax rate. He said that it would lead to an economic boom. He cut the rate by more than half, and we had an economic boom. He also began taxing or raised the taxes (I forget which) on Social Security receipts, which is the kind of thing we keep being told is political suicide.Report

              • Chip Daniels in reply to Pinky says:

                He used FDR’s New Deal economics by pumping vast amounts of deficit spending into the economy, and then we had a boom.

                If he were forced to use a “paygo” system, that is, reducing spending by an equal amount to tax cuts, there would have been no boom.Report

              • Philip H in reply to Pinky says:

                Q. But wasn’t there an economic boom in the 1980s?
                A. What the 1980s teach is that you can’t look at taxes in isolation. The Fed’s war on inflation pushed interest rates to nearly 20 percent and provoked a severe double-dip recession, one of the worst of the post-World War II era. Uemployment rose above 10 percent in 1982 and 1983. When the Fed cut rates, the economy took off. The tax cuts undoubtedly contribute. So did big increases in federal spending on defense and highways. Many of the business tax breaks in the 1981 bill didn’t survive so it’s hard to see how they helped much.

                https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2017/12/08/what-we-learned-from-reagans-tax-cuts/Report

              • Philip H in reply to Pinky says:

                Economic Costs
                The US Federal Tax Revenue as % of the GDP decreased from 18.5 to 17.4 from 1980–1990.[10]
                The budget deficit increased from $74 billion in 1980 to $221 billion in 1990.[10]
                The budget deficit as a % of GDP increased from 2.6% in 1980 to 2.7% in 1989.
                The national debt as a percentage of GDP increased by 62% from 30.9% in 1981 when Reagan took office to 49.9% when he left.[11]
                Median real wages dropped by 0.6% by 1990, as compared with 1980.[12]

                https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_tax_cuts#:~:text=In%201980%20Ronald%20Reagan%20was,rate%20had%20been%20since%201925.Report

              • Dark Matter in reply to Philip H says:

                The budget deficit as a % of GDP increased from 2.6% in 1980 to 2.7% in 1989.

                Meaning the GDP increased massively so the deficit effectively had no change.

                Median real wages dropped by 0.6% by 1990, as compared with 1980.

                Not sure why that’s in there, it doesn’t seem connected.

                The big problem is since Reagan was successful at cutting taxes then everyone else can do the same, but that’s an apple you only get to eat once. Having said that, there is a STRONG argument for cutting the tax code down to something that humans can understand.Report

              • Chip Daniels in reply to Dark Matter says:

                “Reagan proved that deficits don’t matter.”

                Dick Cheney, and most conservatives, apparently.Report

              • Dark Matter in reply to Chip Daniels says:

                The political cost of not having a balanced budget is slight because people are selfish and short sighted. The political reward for either cutting taxes or increasing spending is large.

                That doesn’t mean that we don’t have a section of the electorate that is worried about these things, we do. As a general rule of thumb they’re honored more when the GOP is out of power than when they’re in. This is where we get budget deals that actually restrain spending for years at a time.

                Having said that, they’re a small sub-section of the grand coalitions and not a major power.

                It’s like how the Dems go back and forth from being anti-war and being pro-war.Report

              • Pinky in reply to Philip H says:

                Yeah, what Dark Matter said. My point wasn’t to discuss the entire history of the budget and the economy, just to push back on the “voodoo economics” misunderstanding.Report

              • Philip H in reply to Pinky says:

                There’s no misunderstanding. Laffer, Stockman, and the lot have always been crystal clear that it was only going to work under a certain set of circumstances. Except perhaps for the first iteration under Reagan, those circumstances have yet to reoccur. and the GOP’s welding itself to the Two Santa Clauses hasn’t helped.

                Contrary to what I am sure you believe, I am always up for a good solid discussion of budget and tax policy. I just happen to like to do it in full historic context and with raising taxes on the table. Because cutting our way to a balanced budget either means whole scale elimination of all discretionary spending, or massive Earned Benefits cuts. And even cutting EB severly doesn’t get you past the goal posts of the fact that our tax cuts are generally on income taxes, which by law have to be spent on discretionary spending – so again you are back to restricting yourself to cutting significant parts of government – like the FBI – that people seem to want.Report

              • Dark Matter in reply to Philip H says:

                There’s no misunderstanding. Laffer, Stockman, and the lot have always been crystal clear that it was only going to work under a certain set of circumstances. Except perhaps for the first iteration under Reagan, those circumstances have yet to reoccur.

                I think this is a good summation and on target. Reagan overshot a hair (thus the 13 tax increases) but had a good claim for being neutral after we adjust for the size of the economy.

                The correct pivot at this point should have been to economic growth in general. Bush/Clinton’s Free Trade Agreements count. Ditto Trump’s regulatory reform.

                At this point the following would be great (in no order)
                Medical Reform.
                Tax Code Simplification.
                Immigration reform (assuming this means “more”).
                Ending the war on drugs.
                Some way to give Congress ways to be useful without creating perm programs. Mandatory sunset rules perhaps.Report

              • Pinky in reply to Dark Matter says:

                Add tort reform to the list. I don’t see sunset laws having much impact though. As for the war on drugs, you wouldn’t get any concessions from me unless it goes along with welfare reform.Report

              • Dark Matter in reply to Pinky says:

                I thought Clinton did Welfare reform. Did we undo it?Report

  2. Chip Daniels says:

    “Fiscal conservatism” is the socialism of the right, the empty slogan that gets trotted out year after year, decade after decade, the illusory utopia forever in the future.

    No Republican, anywhere, wants to cut government spending, nor reduce its power and scope. This trope needs to be burned and have its ashes scattered to the winds. They never have, never will.
    It was this realization in the early 90s that started my path from Reaganaut to Democrat.

    Instead it just becomes the smokescreen behind whatever they happen to want to do at the moment and then abandoned the moment it is no longer useful.

    For just a few examples 19 of the 20 Congressmen wanted to overthrow a free election and install a dictator against the wishes of the people. All of them support stripping away a woman’s right to control her own reproduction. And all want to use the power of the purse to punish or reward friends or enemies.Report

    • This is only one of several places where the OP reads to me like a missive sent from another world, another time. At best. The OP simply assumes:

      1) that Republicans given power will use it to cut spending (as opposed to shifting it to different things and running up deficits, which is what experience shows actually happens), and maximize individual freedom (which let’s just call a questionable proposition and leave it at that);

      and

      2) that Donald Trump would be a good Speaker of the House (whatever his other personal and professional merits or lack thereof, Trump’s means of exercising power is direct, public and unsubtle; his temperament and interest in public policy is is not compatible with the kind of work involved in administering the Speaker’s office).

      Finally, it questions whether Kevin McCarthy is a conservative, which again strikes me as having a perspective so strikingly different from my own (whatever his other qualities, good or bad, liberalism is not one of them) that I’m just going to remark on how it feels like the post comes from a different world.Report

      • Philip H in reply to Burt Likko says:

        Well Kevin McCarthy is mostly Conservative if his Heritage Foundation score is to be believed. Of course since he’s within the margin of error of the average House GOP member, he’s not right wing enough . . .

        https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/M001165/Report

      • Slade the Leveller in reply to Burt Likko says:

        Old enough to remember when OT articles wasn’t a place to parrot talking points of either party.Report

        • Damon in reply to Slade the Leveller says:

          Here here.
          You’ve articulated something that was noodling in my head for a while, but couldn’t articulate. That was one of the changes I noticed too. Hell, I can go to imgur and get the same talking points as some who post here. Much less of a serious debate than it used to be here, and perhaps conveniently some major issues just pass under the sites notice…..stuff i’d expect to be talked about more….Report

        • Pinky in reply to Slade the Leveller says:

          I guess that’s literally true; OT articles often used to parrot talking points of only one party. Not all the articles, mind you, but it happened and not rarely. Even this article embraces a mere 10% of the GOP in the House. So maybe “parrots” isn’t the right word at all, and it’s natural for people to espouse different world views. The unnatural thing would be someone complaining about the representation of the views on a site like this.Report

      • Damon in reply to Burt Likko says:

        “1) that Republicans given power will use it to cut spending (as opposed to shifting it to different things and running up deficits, which is what experience shows actually happens), and maximize individual freedom (which let’s just call a questionable proposition and leave it at that);”

        This is why I am no longer vote republican.Report

  3. Morry Korman says:

    If medicare and social security are cut . . . I would like to see congressman’s same benefits cut an equivalent amount.Report

    • Sanford Horn in reply to Morry Korman says:

      I would like to see Congressmen’s benefits reduced to a pro-rated amount based upon their tenure in office. A person who serves one day in the House or Senate qualifies for lifetime benefits – that should not be. While I am a conservative, I would not like to see Medicare or social security cut – we the people paid into these systems and should be able to collect at the appropriate times. As long as those entities exist, as long as we the people are required to contribute to them, we the people should be able to collect. Those entities should not be raided.
      Every department should be on the table for cuts – there is massive waste everywhere. I am not calling for the shuttering of any given department here, there are those that should be, but that’s for another time.Report

      • Philip H in reply to Sanford Horn says:

        Including Defense? The FBI? Homeland Security?

        Look, I hate to keep throwing it out – because it usually ends a conversation – but if you add all revenues and all expenditures about 1/3rd of federal spending is on the proverbial credit card. Coincidently discretionary spending is about 1/3rd of federal outlays. So the only way to cut your way out of this is to shut down the entire executive branch, because that’s where discretionary spending occurs. If you don’t want to do that, you either have to significantly tinker with Earned Benefits, or you have to raise taxes elsewhere. You can’t nickel and dime this.Report

        • Sanford Horn in reply to Philip H says:

          Personally, I don’t think your comment is a conversation ender, but more like a conversation starter – there are so many places to go from there. My previous comment in was simply in response to Morry’s comment above.
          You’re not wrong in your financial assessment, and more’s the pity. Now here’s my bias – I have no problem shuttering THIS executive branch! That said, there are places to make significant cuts – don’t ask me where without a copy of the budget in front of me – but it can be done. Perhaps some departments and agencies should be eliminated, not to mention the myriad programs that are unconstitutional – to the tune of literally, at least 80 percent of the legislation that passes the Congress.Report

          • Philip H in reply to Sanford Horn says:

            Nice to know you are wiling to keep talking. Most conservatives aren’t at this point. I do think it matter what specifically should be cut and why – though the “unconstitutional” part is probably not the hill you want to fight on, much less die one.

            It would be an interesting read though – looking forward to seeing you publish it here soon.Report

            • Sanford Horn in reply to Philip H says:

              LOL – examining the budget and the word soon should never be used in the same paragraph, let alone the same sentence, but, yes, it would be a worthwhile exercise.
              As it seems you are new to my writings, I am always willing to keep talking – much to my wife’s chagrin. I have a blog as well – http://www.sanfordspeaksout.blogspot.com – it’s not all political – I just posted my annual Baseball Hall of Fame column. Yes, shameless plug.Report